SELECTION CRITERION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CASE TOOLS IN GAP ANALYSIS TOWARDS DISTRIBUTED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT IJCET © I A E M E

ABSTRACT Software is growing ever-more complex and new software processes, methods and products put greater demands on software engineers than ever before. Software Engineering is broadly associated with the development of quality software with increasing use of software preparation standards and guidelines. Organizations now have a tendency to make greater efforts in developing software in distributive way. The main advantage of this lies in a greater availability of human resources in decentralized zones at less cost. There are, however, some disadvantages which are caused by the distance that separates the development teams. Coordination and communication among the team members become more difficult as the software components are sourced from different places, thus affecting project organization, project control, and product quality. In addition to these, there are major challenges like technical diversities such as hardware and software configuration of distributed site, product architecture, development methodology, managerial techniques result with "gaps" at different levels of distributed software development project. There are different methodologies to deal with these gaps. The use of Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools has been marketed as a remedy for the software development crisis by automating analysis, design, and coding for the ease the distributed development of software systems. This paper proposes the selection of appropriate CASE tools and their implementation in analysis gaps towards managing distributed software development

Human protein reference database—2006 update

Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD) () was developed to serve as a comprehensive collection of protein features, post-translational modifications (PTMs) and protein–protein interactions. Since the original report, this database has increased to >20 000 proteins entries and has become the largest database for literature-derived protein–protein interactions (>30 000) and PTMs (>8000) for human proteins. We have also introduced several new features in HPRD including: (i) protein isoforms, (ii) enhanced search options, (iii) linking of pathway annotations and (iv) integration of a novel browser, GenProt Viewer (), developed by us that allows integration of genomic and proteomic information. With the continued support and active participation by the biomedical community, we expect HPRD to become a unique source of curated information for the human proteome and spur biomedical discoveries based on integration of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data

Toxicity assessment of molindone hydrochloride, a dopamine D2/D5 receptor antagonist in juvenile and adult rats

<p>Neuroleptic drug molindone hydrochloride is a dopamine D2/D5 receptor antagonist and it is in late stage development for the treatment of impulsive aggression in children and adolescents who have attention deficient/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This new indication for this drug would expand the target population to include younger patients, and therefore, toxicity assessments in juvenile animals were undertaken in order to determine susceptibility differences, if any, between this age group and the adult rats. Adult rats were administered molindone by oral gavage for 13 weeks at dose levels of 0, 5, 20, or 60 mg/kg-bw/day. Juvenile rats were dosed for 8 weeks by oral gavage at dose levels of 0, 5, 25, 50, or 75 mg/kg-bw/day. Standard toxicological assessments were made using relevant study designs in consultation with FDA. Treatment-related elevation in serum cholesterol and triglycerides and decreases in glucose levels were observed in both the age groups. Organ weight changes included increases in liver, adrenal gland and seminal vesicles/prostate weights. Decreases in uterine weights were also observed in adult females exposed to the top two doses with sufficient exposure. In juveniles, sexual maturity parameters secondary to decreased body weights were observed, but, were reversed. In conclusion, the adverse effects noted in reproductive tissues of adults were attributed to hyperprolactinemia and these changes were not considered to be relevant to humans due to species differences in hormonal regulation of reproduction. On the whole, there were no remarkable differences in the toxicity profile of the drug between the two age groups.</p

Madden – Julian oscillations over a tropical Indian station using radar and ERA data of winds

48-56The Madden – Julian oscillation (MJO) activity over Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E), a low latitude station is examined using four years MST radar data of winds (4 – 20 km) between January 2006 and December 2009. Wind data obtained from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECWMF) Re-Analysis (ERA) for the same latitude – longitude and for the same period have also been used to study the wave activity in the same altitude region. MJO in two period bands, 4-7 weeks and 10-13 weeks, could be clearly identified with amplitudes of ~ 4 ms-1 in zonal wind. Meridional winds also showed similar oscillations but with lesser amplitudes (~ 2.5 ms-1). Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyses were performed on yearly data sets and very clear inter-annual variability of the oscillations is found. Wavelet analyses were carried out to find the temporal variation of the oscillations. The results obtained using radar and ERA data are found to be in good agreement. Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data is also used to study the relation between convection and MJO activity. A significant correlation is not observed between convection and MJO activity

Are cluster radio relics revived fossil radio cocoons?

SIGLEAvailable from: http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

TEMPO-Oxidized Nanocellulose Fiber-Directed Stable Aqueous Suspension of Plasmonic Flower-like Silver Nanoconstructs for Ultra-Trace Detection of Analytes

The synthesis of shape-tuned silver (Ag) nanostructures with high plasmon characteristics has become of significant importance in in vitro diagnostic applications. Herein, we report a simple aqueous synthetic route using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized nanocellulose fibers (T-NCFs) and trisodium citrate (TSC) that results in anisotropically grown flower-like Ag nanoconstructs (AgNFs). A detailed investigation of the concentration and sequence of the addition of reactants in the formation of these anisotropic Ag structures is presented. Our experimental results show that the mechanism underlying the formation of AgNFs is facilitated by the synergistic action of T-NCFs and TSC on the directional growth of Ag nuclei during the primary stage, which later develop into a flower-like structure by the ripening of larger particles consuming smaller Ag particles. As a result the final structure comprises flower-like morphology over which several smaller Ag particles (of size <10 nm) are adhered. The aqueous AgNF colloid exhibits high stability (ζ = −69.4 mV) and long shelf-life at neutral pH (>4 months) by the efficient capping action of T-NCFs. Further, an as-synthesized nanoconstructs shows excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity, which enables ultrasensitive detection of <i>p</i>-aminothiophenol with a concentration down to 10 aM (10^–17 M) in a reproducible way. This biosupported synthesis of stable aqueous colloids of AgNF may find potential applications as a biomedical sensing platform for the trace level detection of analyte molecules

Characteristics of spectral aerosol optical depths over India during ICARB

Spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements, carried out regularly from a network of observatories spread over the Indian mainland and adjoining islands in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, are used to examine the spatio-temporal and spectral variations during the period of ICARB (March to May 2006). The AODs and the derived $\dot{A}ngstr\ddot{o}m$ parameters showed considerable variations across India during the above period. While at the southern peninsular stations the AODs decreased towards May after a peak in April, in the north Indian regions they increased continuously from March to May. The $\dot{A}ngstr\ddot{o}m$ coefficients suggested enhanced coarse mode loading in the north Indian regions, compared to southern India. Nevertheless, as months progressed from March to May, the dominance of coarse mode aerosols increased in the columnar aerosol size spectrum over the entire Indian mainland, maintaining the regional distinctiveness. Compared to the above, the island stations showed considerably low AODs, so too the northeastern station Dibrugarh, indicating the prevalence of cleaner environment. Long-range transport of aerosols from the adjoining regions leads to remarkable changes in the magnitude of the AODs and their wavelength dependencies during March to May. HYSPLIT back-trajectory analysis shows that enhanced long-range transport of aerosols, particularly from the west Asia and northwest coastal India, contributed significantly to the enhancement of AOD and in the flattening of the spectra over entire regions; if it is the peninsular regions and the island Minicoy are more impacted in April, the north Indian regions including the Indo Gangetic Plain get affected the most during May, with the AODs soaring as high as 1.0 at 500 nm. Over the islands, the $\dot{A}ngstr\ddot{o}m$ exponent (\alpha) remained significantly lower $(\sim 1)$ over the Arabian Sea compared to Bay of Bengal (BoB) $(\sim 1.4)$ as revealed by the data respectively from Minicoy and Port Blair. Occurrences of higher values of \alpha showing dominance of accumulation mode aerosols, over BoB are associated well with the advection, above the boundary layer, of fine particles from the east Asian region during March and April. The change in the airmass to marine in May results in a rapid decrease in \alpha over the BoB

Statistics pertaining to HPRD growth, experimental types for protein–protein interactions and a breakdown of PTMs

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Human protein reference database—2006 update"</p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2005;34(Database issue):D411-D414.</p><p>Published online 28 Dec 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1347503.</p><p>© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved</p> () Growth of HPRD over the last 3 years with respect to protein entries, protein–protein interactions and PTMs. () Distribution of protein–protein interactions in HPRD based on the type of the experimental method. () Distribution of various types of PTMs in HPRD. The percentage of the respective PTM is indicated only when it is greater than or equal to 2